Can the parasitic fauna on Nile tilapias be affected by different production systems?

This study compared the parasitic fauna on Nile tilapias kept with swine dejects and tilapia from fee fishing fed commercial ration. A total of 360 fish were analyzed from August 2003 to July 2004 in a facility situated in Nova Trento, Santa Catarina, Brazil. No significant difference was observed in both systems. The parasite fauna in both systems were slightly similar, with the presence of the following parasites: Trichodina magna and T compacta (Ciliophora); Cichlidogyrus sclerosus and Cichlidogyrus sp. (Monogenoidea); and Lamproglena sp. (Lernaeidae). Parasitological analyzes did not differ among fishes kept with swine dejects and in fee fishing with commercial diet (P >0.05). The total prevalence of trichodinids in the gills of fish kept with swine dejects was 1.7 percent as compared to the one kept in fee fishing with commercial diet (0.6 percent). The Monogenoidea prevalence and mean intensity in the gills and body of fish from fee fishing was 16.5 percent and 2.6, and compared to other system was 13.2 percent and 0.8, respectively. This study showed that low stocking density and low water temperature in that region were responsible for the maintenance of good health and lower parasitism rate.

Este estudo comparou a fauna parasitária de tilápia do Nilo mantida em consorciação com suínos e alimentada com ração comercial mantida em pesque-pague. Um total de 360 peixes foi analisado, entre agosto de 2003 ejulhode2004, em uma propriedade de Nova Trento, Santa Catarina, Brasil. Não houve diferença significativa entre os dois sistemas de cultivo. A fauna parasitária em ambos foi ligeiramente semelhante com a presença de Trichodina magna e T compacta (Ciliophora); Cichlidogyrus sclerosus e Cichlidogyrus sp. (Monogenoidea) e Laproglena sp. (Lernaeidae). A análise parasitológica não mostrou diferença entre os peixes dos dois sistemas. A prevalência total de tricodinídeos nas brânquias dos peixes mantidos com dejetos de suínos foi de 1,7 por cento quando comparada com os do pesque-pague de 0,6 por cento. A taxa de prevalência e a intensidade média de Monogenoidea nas brânquias dos peixes do pesque-pague foi de 16,5 por cento e 2,6, respectivamente comparada com os mantidos com suínos de 13,2 por cento e 0,8, respectivamente. Este estudo demonstrou que a baixa densidade de estocagem de peixes nesta propriedade e a baixa temperatura na região colaboraram para que a saúde dos animais fosse mantida e o nível de parasitismo baixo.

Hematological parameters of Pimelodus maculates (Osteichthyes: Pimelodidae) from polluted and non-polluted sites in the Itajaí-Açu river, Santa Catarina State, Brazil - DOI: 10.4025/actascibiolsci.v31i2.3267 / Hematological parameters of Pimelodus maculates (Osteichthyes: Pimelodidae) from polluted and non-polluted sites in the Itajaí-Açu river, Santa Catarina State, Brazil - DOI: 10.4025/actascibiolsci.v31i2.3267

This study evaluated the hematological response of Pimelodus maculates captured in two environments with different levels of pollution in the Itajaí-Açu river, Santa Catarina State, southern Brazil. One of them, hereby named reference site, is a water captation site that supplies the city of Blumenau, in which the riparian forest is preserved and there is no sewage discharge. The other, denominated polluted site, is characterized by discharge of domestic sewage. After water quality analysis, fish were captured, transported to the laboratory and anesthetized for the hematological exam. In the polluted site, the most probable number of fecal coliforms and water transparency were respectively higher and lower than that observed at the reference site. The main results were an increased percentage of hematocrit and reduced numbers of lymphocytes and monocytes in the differential counting in fish from the polluted site. Red blood cells, total white blood cells and total counting of thrombocytes did not vary between environments. The number of neutrophils remained at high levels in fish from both environments. This study demonstrated that water quality might affect the hematological parameters in free-living fish.

This study evaluated the hematological response of Pimelodus maculates captured in two environments with different levels of pollution in the Itajaí-Açu river, Santa Catarina State, southern Brazil. One of them, hereby named reference site, is a water captation site that supplies the city of Blumenau, in which the riparian forest is preserved and there is no sewage discharge. The other, denominated polluted site, is characterized by discharge of domestic sewage. After water quality analysis, fish were captured, transported to the laboratory and anesthetized for the hematological exam. In the polluted site, the most probable number of fecal coliforms and water transparency were respectively higher and lower than that observed at the reference site. The main results were an increased percentage of hematocrit and reduced numbers of lymphocytes and monocytes in the differential counting in fish from the polluted site. Red blood cells, total white blood cells and total counting of thrombocytes did not vary between environments. The number of neutrophils remained at high levels in fish from both environments. This study demonstrated that water quality might affect the hematological parameters in free-living fish.

Ração suplementada com vitaminas C e E influencia a resposta inflamatória aguda em tilápia do Nilo / Vitamin C and E supplemented diet influences the acute inflammatory response in Nile tilapia

Este estudo avaliou o hemograma e a resposta inflamatória aguda em tilápia do Nilo alimentada com 500mg de vitamina C e 500mg de vitamina E/kg de ração. Após 30 dias de alimentação com a dieta suplementada com as vitaminas, 500µg de carragenina, 3mg de lipopolissacarídeo (LPS)/kg de peixe e 0,5ml de solução salina estéril (controle) foram injetados na bexiga natatória dos animais. Seis horas após, os peixes foram anestesiados para coleta de amostras sangüíneas e análise da resposta inflamatória. Peixes injetados com carragenina e LPS apresentaram as maiores contagens totais de leucócitos no sangue, sendo que a suplementação vitamínica na ração provocou redução no número total de trombócitos nos injetados com carragenina. A taxa de glicose, o número de eritrócitos, o hematócrito e o cortisol não sofreram influência da suplementação vitamínica na ração. A suplementação vitamínica provocou redução no número de neutrófilos no sangue dos animais injetados com LPS. Nos peixes injetados com carragenina e LPS alimentados com vitaminas, houve maior migração de células para o sítio inflamado. O LPS provocou maior migração de células em comparação com os demais tratamentos, principalmente por macrófagos. A suplementação vitamínica provocou aumento no número de trombócitos no exsudato em peixes injetados com carragenina e LPS.

This study evaluated the haematology and acute inflammatory response in Nile tilapia fed with 500mg vitamin C and 500 mg vitamin E/kg dry ration. Thirty days after feeding with supplemented diet, 500µg carrageenin, 3mg lipopolysacharide (LPS)/kg body weight and 0.5ml sterile saline solution (control) were injected in the swim bladder. Six hours after the fish were anesthetized to collect blood and analysis of the inflammatory response. Fish injected with carrageenin and LPS showed the highest counts of total leucocytes in blood and, the vitamin supplementation provoked reduction in the number of total thrombocytes in the carrageenin injected fish. Glucose, erythrocyte number, hematocrit and cortisol were not influenced by the vitamin supplmentation. The addition of vitamins in the diet caused reduction in the number of neutrophils in LPS injected fish. Once more, fish injected with carrageenin and LPS fed vitamins showed higher migration of leucocytes to the inflamed site. LPS provoked the highest migration of inflammatory cells, mainly by macrophages when compared to the other treatments. Vitamin supplementation increased the number of thrombocytes in the inflammatory exsudate in carrageenin and LPS injected fish.

Gonadal development of jundiá, Rhamdia quelen(Teleostei, Siluriformes), in earthen ponds in southern Brazil - DOI: 10.4025/actascibiolsci.v29i4.881 / Desenvolvimento gonadal do jundiá, Rhamdia quelen (Teleostei, Siluriformes), em viveiros de terra, na região sul do Brasil - DOI: 10.4025/actascibiolsci.v29i4.881

The study characterized the gonadal development of jundiá from approximately 8 g until gonadal maturation, to provide further knowledge for farming jundiá in Southern Brazil. Jundiá fingerlings (average weight 8.00 ± 3.73 g) were stocked in three ponds at 0.6 fish m-2. Fourteen fish were sampled each month from September 2001 to October 2002. Gonadal maturation stages were characterized macroscopically, and samples of ovaries and testicles were fixed in 4-%-buffered formalin for histological examination. One hundred and eighteen fish were analyzed: 60 males e 58 females. Jundiá males matured earlier than females. Testicles and ovaries presented similar morphology to other Siluriformes species. Gonads were classified in four development phases of the ovarian follicle, according to histology: immature, initial maturation, final maturation and mature. The gonadosomatic index varied from 0.29 to 9.16 for males and from 0.11 to 13.03 for females. Mature individuals were observed during summer (December/2001 and January/2002), fall (April and May/2002) and spring (September and October/2002), following the increase in water temperature.

O presente estudo caracterizou o desenvolvimento gonadal de jundiá até a maturação sexual, quando cultivados em viveiros de terra, visando subsidiar o desenvolvimento de tecnologia de cultivo para esta espécie na região sul do Brasil. Alevinos de jundiá (peso médio 8 ± 3,73 g) foram estocados em três viveiros, na densidade de 0,6 indivíduos m-2. Catorze indivíduos foram amostrados mensalmente, de setembro de 2001 a outubro de 2002. Os estádios de maturação gonadal foram caracterizados macroscopicamente, e fragmentos de ovários e testículos de alguns exemplares foram fixados em formalina 4% para análise histológica. Foram analisados 118 exemplares: 60 machos e 58 fêmeas. Os machos apresentaram atividade reprodutiva precoce, quando comparados às fêmeas. Testículos e ovários apresentaram morfologia similar a de outras espécies de Siluriformes. De acordo com a análise microscópica, as gônadas foram classificadas em quatro estádios de desenvolvimento: imaturo, em maturação inicial, em maturação final e maduro. A relação gonadossomática variou de 0,29 a 9,16 para os machos e de 0,11 a 13,03 para as fêmeas. Indivíduos maduros foram observados nos meses de verão (dezembro/2001 e janeiro/2002), outono (abril e maio/2002) e primavera (setembro e outubro/2002), acompanhando o aumento de temperatura.

Parasitic fauna of Pimelodus maculatus (Osteichthyes: Pimelodidae) from the Itajaí-Açu river in Blumenau, state of Santa Catarina, Brazil / Parasitofauna de Pimelodus maculatus (Osteichthyes: Pimelodidae) do rio Itajaí-Açu em Blumenau, Estado de Santa Catarina, Brasil - DOI: 10.4025/actascibiolsci.v29i1.159

Little is known on parasitic fauna of freshwater fish in the State of Santa Catarina. Specimens of mandi, Pimelodus maculatus, were collected in the Itajaí-Açu River, Blumenau, state of Santa Catarina, from March through December, 2005, for parasitological analysis. From a total of 82 examined fish, all of them were parasitized for at least one parasite species. During the sampling, the pH, dissolved oxygen, electric conductivity and water temperature, as well as the environment temperature and weather conditions two days before each sample were measured. The highest values of prevalence and mean intensity of infection were observed for Monogenoidea (96.3%; 100.23), followed by Henneguya sp. (63.4%), Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) pimelodus (51.2%; 3.02), Trichodina sp. (30.5%), Parspina argentinensis (24.4%; 3.30), Diplostomum sp. (17%; 1.00), Dichelyne pimelodi (8.5%; 1.00) and Goezeella agostinhoi (6.1%; 1.00). There was positive correlation between the total length of the hosts and the mean intensity of infection by Monogenoidea.

Pouco se conhece sobre a parasitofauna de peixes de água doce no Estado de Santa Catarina. Espécimes de mandi, Pimelodus maculatus foram coletados no rio Itajaí-Açu, Blumenau, Estado de Santa Catarina, entre março e dezembro de 2005, para anáise parasitolóica. De 82 peixes analisados, todos apresentaram pelo menos uma espécie de parasito. Durante as amostragens foram medidos o pH, o oxigênio dissolvido, a condutividade elérica e a temperatura da água, bem como a temperatura ambiente e as condições do tempo nos dois dias que precederam a coleta. Os maiores valores de prevalêcia e intensidade média de infecção foram observados por Monogenoidea (96,3%; 100,23), seguido por Henneguya sp. (63,4%), Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) pimelodus (51,2%; 3,02), Trichodina sp. (30,5%), Parspina argentinensis (24,4%; 3,30), Diplostomum sp. (17%; 1,00), Dichelyne pimelodi (8,5%; 1,00) e Goezeella agostinhoi (6,1%; 1,00).

Haematology of Oreochromis niloticus (Cichlidae) and Cyprinus carpio (Cyprinidae) maintained in different conditions of handling and feeding from the State of Santa Catarina, Brazil- DOI: 10.4025/actascibiolsci.162 / Hematologia de Oreochromis niloticus (Cichlidae) e Cyprinus carpio (Cyprinidae) mantidos em diferentes condições de manejo e alimentação no Estado de Santa Catarina, Brasil - DOI: 10.4025/actascibiolsci.v28i4.162

This work evaluated the haematological parameters in Oreochromis niloticus (Nile tilapia) and Cyprinus carpio (carp) captured from the different owners in the cities of Blumenau, Joinville and Ituporanga, State of Santa Catarina, Brazil. The results were related to handling and feeding that the fish were exposed. Not only the ration, but also entrails, cooked rice, restaurant scraps and ration made in fish farm were used in the feeding of fish in the facilities A and C of Blumenau. However, A and C in Ituporanga were characterized by pig manure as the main source of feeding. In Joinville the diet was characterized by ration as the main source of food. Hematocrit and the erythrocyte number were higher in fish from Joinville than the others. The highest values of total leukocyte count were observed in A and C from Blumenau and Ituporanga. Tilapia exposed to pig dung showed the highest number of lymphocyte in the circulating blood. Haematological values of carp did not show significant changes that were related to the environment.

Este estudo analisou o quadro hematológico de Oreochromis niloticus (tilápia do Nilo) e Cyprinus carpio (carpa comum) capturados em diferentes propriedades de Blumenau, Joinville e Ituporanga, Estado de Santa Catarina, Brasil. Os resultados foram relacionados às condições de manejo e alimentação a que os animais estavam expostos. Além de ração, as propriedades A e C de Blumenau alimentavam seus peixes com vísceras de peixes, arroz cozido, sobras de alimento do restaurante e ração artesanal. A e C de Ituporanga eram caracterizadas pela consorciação com suínos como principal fonte de alimento alimento e em Joinville as propriedades caracterizavam-se pelo fornecimento de ração comercial como o único alimento aos peixes. O percentual de hematócrito e o número de eritrócitos nas tilápias da região de Joinville foram maiores do que nas demais. Nas propriedades A e C de Blumenau e nas de Ituporanga foram observados os maiores valores na contagem total de leucócitos. As tilápias expostas a dejetos de suínos apresentaram também maior número de linfócitos. Os valores hematológicos de carpas não apresentaram variações significativas que pudessem ser relacionadas com o ambiente.